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CHR Syntax and Semantics |
rules --> rule, rules ; []. rule --> name, actual_rule, pragma, [atom('.')]. name --> atom, [atom('@')] ; []. actual_rule --> simplification_rule. actual_rule --> propagation_rule. actual_rule --> simpagation_rule. simplification_rule --> head, [atom('<=>')], guard, body. propagation_rule --> head, [atom('==>')], guard, body. simpagation_rule --> head, [atom('\')], head, [atom('<=>')], guard, body. head --> constraints. constraints --> constraint, constraint_id. constraints --> constraint, constraint_id, [atom(',')], constraints. constraint --> compound_term. constraint_id --> []. constraint_id --> [atom('#')], variable. constraint_id --> [atom('#')], [atom('passive')] . guard --> [] ; goal, [atom('|')]. body --> goal. pragma --> []. pragma --> [atom('pragma')], actual_pragmas. actual_pragmas --> actual_pragma. actual_pragmas --> actual_pragma, [atom(',')], actual_pragmas. actual_pragma --> [atom('passive(')], variable, [atom(')')].
Note that the guard of a rule may not contain any goal that binds a variable in the head of the rule with a non-variable or with another variable in the head of the rule. It may, however, bind variables that do not appear in the head of the rule, e.g. an auxiliary variable introduced in the guard.
When a constraint is called, it is considered an active constraint and the system will try to apply the rules to it. Rules are tried and executed sequentially in the order they are written.
A rule is conceptually tried for an active constraint in the following way. The active constraint is matched with a constraint in the head of the rule. If more constraints appear in the head, they are looked for among the suspended constraints, which are called passive constraints in this context. If the necessary passive constraints can be found and all match with the head of the rule and the guard of the rule succeeds, then the rule is committed and the body of the rule executed. If not all the necessary passive constraints can be found, or the matching or the guard fails, then the body is not executed and the process of trying and executing simply continues with the following rules. If for a rule there are multiple constraints in the head, the active constraint will try the rule sequentially multiple times, each time trying to match with another constraint.
This process ends either when the active constraint disappears, i.e. it is removed by some rule, or after the last rule has been processed. In the latter case the active constraint becomes suspended.
A suspended constraint is eligible as a passive constraint for an active constraint. The other way it may interact again with the rules is when a variable appearing in the constraint becomes bound to either a non-variable or another variable involved in one or more constraints. In that case the constraint is triggered, i.e. it becomes an active constraint and all the rules are tried.
Rule Types There are three different kinds of rules, each with its specific semantics:
\
and then calls its body. It is an optimization
of simplification rules of the form: [constraints_1, constraints_2 <=>
constraints_1, body ] Namely, in the simpagation form: [ constraints_1
\
constraints_2 <=> body ] The constraints_1
constraints are not called in the body.Rule Names Naming a rule is optional and has no semantic meaning. It only functions as documentation for the programmer.
Pragmas The semantics of the pragmas are:
..., c # Id, ... <=> ... pragma passive(Id)
you can also write
..., c # passive, ... <=> ...
Additional pragmas may be released in the future.
chr_option/2
declaration:
:- chr_option(Option,Value).
and may appear in the file anywhere after the first constraints declaration.
Available options are:
on
to enable the checks, and off
to disable the checks. If
this option is on, any guard fails when it binds a variable that appears
in the head of the rule. When the option is off (default), the behaviour
of a binding in the guard is undefined.full
to enable all available optimizations, and off
(default) to
disable all optimizations. The default is derived from the SWI-Prolog
flag optimise, where
true
is mapped to full
. Therefore the command
line option -O provides full CHR optimization. If
optimization is enabled, debugging must be disabled.on
(default) and off
. See
section 9.4 for
more details on debugging. The default is derived from the Prolog flag generate_debug_info,
which is true
by default. See --no-debug.
If debugging is enabled, optimization must be disabled.